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The
great karate master Gichin Funakoshi was a key pioneer in the
development of modern karate. In fact, he was the "prime mover" in
bringing traditional Okinawan karate to Japan. He himself was caught in
the great wave of social change sweeping through Japan and its
prefectures. His contributions include authoring several of the first
publications describing the previously secret art of karate,
strengthening the connection between character development and karate
training, and the development of modern teaching methods. Master
Funakoshi supported the realization that karate would evolve from a
provincial fighting system to a prominent member of the modern Japanese
martial arts.
The value of karate as a means of
self-improvement was a key point which Funakoshi became expert at
describing when lecturing about karate. He widened the scope in regards
to who should practice karate. He stated that karate "should be simple
enough to be practiced without undue difficulty by everybody, young and
old, boys and girls, men and women." His opinion that karate training
can contribute to both mental and physical health must have some
genesis in his recovery from poor health during early youth. He further
described benefits of practice in the following way. "Karate-do is not
merely a sport that teaches how to strike and kick; it is also a
defense against illness and disease." Because of this way of viewing
the value of karate, it began to make the all-important transition from
jutsu (technique) to do (way).
During the
years 1914 and 1915, a group that included Mabuni, Motobu, Kyan,
Gusukuma, Ogusuku, Tokumura, Ishikawa, Yahiku, and Funakoshi gave many
demonstrations throughout Okinawa. This practice would have been quite
unheard of during the earlier period of secrecy. It was due to the
tireless efforts of this group in popularizing karate through lectures
and demonstration tours that karate became well known to the Okinawan
public.
Funakoshi's background as an educator was helpful
for presenting ideas in concise and systematic fashion. Funakoshi
pioneered the organization of karate instruction into three fundamental
categories of practice: kihon, kata, and kumite.
Master
Jigoro Kano, the father of modern judo, was instrumental in
acknowledging karate as a valued Japanese martial art and in
encouraging Funakoshi to stay in Japan. Even several sumo wrestlers
became students of karate-do during this early period. They clearly
recognized a noteworthy and potent martial art. During a period where
Funakoshi wasn't able to use floor space at the Meisei Juku, H.
Nakayama, a great kendo instructor, offered Funakoshi the use of his
dojo when not in use.
Later, the time came when
constructing Funakoshi's own dojo was ripe. About 1935, supporters
gathered sufficient funds to construct the first karate dojo in Japan
and in 1936 it was dedicated as the Shoto-kan.
Other
qualities had to be learned before Funakoshi could become a successful
pioneer. He gained a great sense of humility and modesty from Azato and
Itosu. "If they taught me nothing else, I would have profited by the
example they set of humility and modesty in all dealings with their
fellow human beings." These qualities were clearly evident when,
struggling to make a living upon arrival in Japan, Funakoshi swept the
floors and grounds of the Meisei Juku.
Because of his
study with the other prominent karate masters of the day, his integrity
and fairness, and his respected position as an educator, Funakoshi
evolved into the primary Okinawan karate "public relations" spokesman.
He represented a unique blend of well-rounded physical expertise,
intelligence, foresight, and conviction. He was articulate, sensitive
to tradition and propriety, appropriately humble, and conveyed a sense
of balance. Funakoshi felt the pull of Japan and found a nation fertile
with eagerness for a martial art with the depth of challenge that
karate-do represented. This is surely part of the reason Funakoshi had
difficulty ever leaving Japan to return to his family in Okinawa.
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